Introduction Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) are a versatile class of polymers renowned for their exceptional mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and wide range of applications spanning automotive, construction, footwear, and biomedical fields. The synthesis of PUEs involves the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, a process significantly influenced by catalysts. Traditionally, organotin compounds, particularly dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), have...