Polyurethane flexible foam is a cellular polymer formed through the reaction of a polyol (typically a polyester or polyether polyol) with an isocyanate, usually toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), in the presence of water, catalysts, surfactants, and other additives. The reaction produces both urethane linkages and carbon dioxide gas, which acts as...