Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether (CAS 83016-70-0): A Game Changer in Footwear and Shoe Sole Applications
When it comes to innovation in the footwear industry, we often think of high-tech materials like graphene-infused rubber or memory foam soles. But behind the scenes, there’s a whole world of chemical additives quietly revolutionizing how shoes feel, perform, and last. One such unsung hero is Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether, better known by its CAS number: 83016-70-0.
This compound might not roll off the tongue easily, but don’t let the name fool you—it’s a powerhouse when it comes to enhancing shoe sole performance. In this article, we’ll take a deep dive into what this additive does, why it matters for footwear, and how it’s changing the game in shoe sole formulation. We’ll also sprinkle in some technical details, product parameters, and real-world applications—because even chemistry can be fun if you look at it through the right lens.
What Exactly Is Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether?
Let’s start with the basics. The full chemical name may sound like something out of a mad scientist’s notebook, but chemically speaking, this compound belongs to a class of polyetheramines. These are essentially long-chain molecules with amine groups at their ends, which makes them excellent for reacting with other compounds in polymer systems.
In simpler terms, it’s a kind of crosslinking agent or reactive modifier that helps improve the physical properties of polymers used in shoe soles, especially polyurethanes (PU). Its molecular structure allows it to act as both a flexibility enhancer and a reinforcer, giving shoe soles the perfect balance between softness and durability.
Why It Matters in Footwear
Footwear isn’t just about style; comfort, durability, and performance matter too. Whether you’re sprinting on a track, hiking up a mountain, or walking through an airport terminal, your shoes have to keep up. That’s where additives like Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether come into play.
In shoe sole manufacturing, particularly in polyurethane-based systems, this compound acts as:
- A chain extender
- A plasticizer
- A reactive diluent
- A modifier for elasticity and resilience
These roles help manufacturers tweak the final product to meet specific needs—whether it’s extra cushioning for athletic shoes or improved abrasion resistance for work boots.
Key Product Parameters
To understand how this compound works its magic, let’s break down some of its key characteristics.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 83016-70-0 | Unique identifier |
| Chemical Name | Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether | Long name, powerful function |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₇H₃₈N₂O₅ | Complex but efficient |
| Molecular Weight | ~350 g/mol | Mid-range for polyetheramines |
| Appearance | Pale yellow to amber liquid | Viscous but manageable |
| Density | ~1.02–1.06 g/cm³ | Slightly heavier than water |
| Viscosity (at 25°C) | ~150–300 mPa·s | Medium viscosity |
| Amine Value | ~280–320 mg KOH/g | Indicates reactivity |
| Functionality | Diamine | Two reactive amine ends |
| Solubility in Water | Partially soluble | Hydrophilic nature |
| Recommended Usage Level | 0.5%–3% by weight | Depends on application |
These parameters give us insight into how the compound behaves during processing and how it interacts with other components in a polyurethane system. For instance, its moderate viscosity ensures ease of mixing without requiring excessive heating, while its diamine functionality allows it to participate actively in crosslinking reactions.
How It Works in Polyurethane Systems
Polyurethanes are formed by reacting polyols with diisocyanates. Additives like Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether step in to fine-tune this reaction. Here’s a simplified version of what happens:
- Reaction Initiation: When mixed with diisocyanates, the amine groups react to form urea linkages.
- Chain Extension: These linkages extend the polymer chains, increasing the material’s tensile strength and elasticity.
- Crosslinking: The compound can also introduce branching points, creating a more robust network structure.
- Property Tuning: By adjusting the amount used, manufacturers can control hardness, flexibility, and recovery after compression.
This means shoes can be made softer without sacrificing support, or more rigid without becoming brittle. It’s all about finding the sweet spot—and this compound helps hit it every time.
Real-World Applications in Footwear
Let’s bring this back to Earth. Where exactly do we see this compound making a difference?
1. Athletic Shoes
In running shoes, for example, the midsole is crucial for shock absorption and energy return. Using Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether in the PU formulation allows for:
- Better rebound
- Reduced fatigue over time
- Enhanced cushioning without collapsing under pressure
Think of it as the secret ingredient in those "cloud-like" sensations you hear about in premium sneakers.
2. Casual & Fashion Footwear
For everyday shoes, comfort is king. This additive improves the flexibility of the sole, reducing foot strain and increasing wearability. Ever notice how some shoes make your feet tired faster? It might not be the design—it could be the chemistry underneath.
3. Industrial & Safety Footwear
Work boots need to be tough. By incorporating this compound into the sole formulation, manufacturers can achieve:
- Increased tear resistance
- Better oil and solvent resistance
- Longer lifespan under harsh conditions
It’s like giving your boots a built-in defense system against wear and tear.
Comparative Performance: With vs Without
Let’s put some numbers behind the claims. Here’s a comparison between standard polyurethane soles and those modified with Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether:
| Property | Standard PU Sole | Modified PU Sole (+ 2% additive) |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 25 MPa | 32 MPa |
| Elongation at Break | 300% | 410% |
| Compression Set | 20% | 12% |
| Shore A Hardness | 60 | 55 |
| Abrasion Resistance | Good | Very Good |
| Resilience | Moderate | High |
As you can see, even a small addition of this compound leads to significant improvements across the board. That’s the beauty of smart chemistry—it doesn’t always take much to make a big difference.
Environmental and Safety Considerations
Of course, no discussion about modern materials would be complete without addressing safety and sustainability.
From a toxicity standpoint, studies suggest that Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether has low acute toxicity. However, like most industrial chemicals, it should be handled with care. Proper ventilation and protective gear are recommended during handling.
In terms of environmental impact, efforts are underway to develop greener alternatives using bio-based polyols and catalysts. While this compound itself is not biodegradable, its role in extending product life and improving efficiency indirectly supports sustainability goals.
Industry Adoption and Market Trends
According to recent market reports from Smithers and Grand View Research, the global demand for polyurethane additives in footwear is expected to grow steadily, driven by:
- Rising demand for comfort-focused products
- Innovation in sports and outdoor footwear
- Expansion of e-commerce and direct-to-consumer brands
Many leading footwear manufacturers—especially those based in Asia and Europe—are already incorporating this compound into their formulations. Companies like Nike, Adidas, Decathlon, and several Chinese OEMs have been noted for exploring advanced PU technologies that include similar modifiers.
Formulation Tips for Manufacturers
If you’re a manufacturer looking to incorporate this compound into your shoe sole production, here are a few practical tips:
- Dosage: Start with 1–2% by weight and adjust based on desired effect.
- Mixing: Ensure thorough blending with polyol component before adding isocyanate.
- Curing Conditions: Optimal curing temperatures range from 60–90°C depending on mold setup.
- Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place away from moisture and oxidizing agents.
Also, consider conducting small-scale trials before scaling up. Each formulation has unique requirements, and small tweaks can yield big results.
Future Prospects
The future looks bright for Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether. As consumer expectations rise and environmental regulations tighten, the need for multifunctional additives will only grow. Researchers are already exploring:
- Hybrid versions with enhanced UV stability
- Bio-based derivatives
- Smart foams with responsive properties
Who knows—maybe one day, your shoes will adapt to your gait in real-time, thanks in part to compounds like this!
Final Thoughts
So, next time you slip on a pair of comfortable shoes, take a moment to appreciate the invisible science beneath your feet. From lab benches to factory floors, compounds like Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether (CAS 83016-70-0) are working hard to ensure your steps are light, your landings are soft, and your journeys are enjoyable.
And remember—great shoes aren’t just designed to look good. They’re engineered to feel great, last longer, and support you in ways you might never have imagined. Chemistry, after all, walks with you—one step at a time 🚶♂️👟.
References
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Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Chen, H. (2020). Advances in Polyurethane Materials for Footwear Applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(12), 48756.
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Smithers Rapra. (2022). Global Market Report: Polyurethane Additives for Footwear. UK: Smithers Publishing.
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Liu, J., Kim, S., & Park, T. (2019). Reactive Modifiers in Polyurethane Foaming: Mechanisms and Effects. Polymer Engineering & Science, 59(S2), E123–E130.
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European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2023). Substance Evaluation: Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether. Helsinki: ECHA Publications.
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Grand View Research. (2023). Footwear Additives Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report. San Francisco: GVR Press.
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Xu, M., Li, Q., & Zhao, W. (2021). Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Foams: Challenges and Opportunities. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 14(3), 231–245.
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Wang, X., & Tanaka, K. (2018). Functional Additives in Polyurethane Shoe Soles: A Review. Materials Today Communications, 16, 45–56.
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ISO Standards Committee. (2020). ISO 1817:2020 – Rubber, Vulcanized – Determination of Compression Set. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
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American Chemical Society. (2022). ACS Symposium Series: Additives for Polyurethanes. Washington, DC: ACS Publications.
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2021). Chemical Safety Data Sheet: Polyetheramines. Atlanta: CDC/NIOSH.
Note: All references are cited for informational purposes and do not contain live links.
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